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A | Exactly 75 years ago Jawaharlal Nehru, one of the principal leaders of India’s independence movement in the 1930s and 1940s, was sworn in as prime minister of the Dominion of India and raised the national flag at the Red Fort in Delhi. Having brought an end to the colonial rule of the British Empire, the Indian leadership embraced the concept of "non-alignment" and "neutrality" and diversified its ties, seeking new partnerships. At the time, the Soviet Union emerged as a natural ally for the independent Indian state.,Nehru was attracted to Marxism and promoted the idea of evolutionary and inclusive socialism. Back in 1927, the would-be Indian prime minister visited the USSR for the first time together with his wife Kamala, younger sister Krishna, and his father Motilal Nehru, a leader of the Indian National Congress.,The trip was connected with the 10th Anniversary of the Great October Socialist Revolution, which was seen by Nehru and other Indian nationalists in "a very positive light," according to Dr. Anuradha Chenoy, professor of the Center for Russian and Central Asian Studies at Jawaharlal Nehru University.,The Soviet press extensively covered the Nehrus' visit to Moscow, hailing Motilal and Jawaharlal as prominent leaders of India’s freedom movement. Jawaharlal Nehru was received in the Kremlin by Mikhail Kalinin, chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR. Having wrapped up his journey, the Indian politician wrote a booklet titled "Soviet Russia, some random sketches and impressions" (1928).,"Jawaharlal Nehru was influenced by Marxist and socialist thought to some extent, as he saw the need for state intervention for alleviating poverty, developing infrastructure and for development," says Dr. Chenoy. "He thus advocated and made policies to develop state- or public sector industries and also created a Planning Commission. Independent India's Second Plan was especially modeled around the Soviet planning system.",CC BY 2.0 / Public.Resource.Org / Photo 656 Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru at the mike. 20.7.47 Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru at the mike. 20.7.47 CC BY 2.0 / Public.Resource.Org / Photo 656,USSR Helped India Lay the Groundwork for Industrialization,On January 26, 1950, India became a republic within the Commonwealth of Nations with Jawaharlal Nehru serving as the Republic of India's prime minister until May 27, 1964. During this period, the USSR and India started to deepen their ties, according to Dr. Chenoy.,"Soviet support was crucial for an underdeveloped and newly liberated country like India," the academic explains. "Since India wanted to develop as a 'mixed economy,' that is to have both a state and private sector, Western countries refused them any aid and assistance that India needed. So India turned to the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union assisted India in the creation of new steel plants and several infrastructure industries. They assisted in developing Indian science and technology institutions which laid the base for Indian development in later years.",Dr. Chenoy elaborates that in the 1950s, the USSR helped India lay the groundwork for the country's early industrialization, with the Asian giant then starting to receive Russian defense equipment and military hardware.,CC0 / / Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi (1917-1984) at the National Press Club, Washington, D.C. 1n 1966 Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi (1917-1984) at the National Press Club, Washington, D.C. 1n 1966CC0 / /,Indo-Soviet Treaty of Peace, Friendship and Cooperation,The Indian war with Pakistan in 1971 became a pivotal moment for Indo-Soviet relations, according to the Indian academic. The conflict erupted over the Bangladesh liberation movement in East Pakistan, which was accompanied by killings of the Bengalis – both Muslims and Hindus – by West Pakistani forces led by General Agha Muhammad Yahya Khan in March 1971.,As a result of the violence and instability caused by the onslaught in East Pakistan, an estimated 10 million Bengalis fled to India by May 1971, prompting Delhi to intervene. Judging from documents released in December 2002 by the National Security Archive (NSA), a US non-profit archival institution, US President Richard Nixon and National Security Advisor Henry Kissinger did nothing to curtail the West Pakistani repressions against Bengalis and backed General Yahya.,After India stepped in to shield the Bengalis, "not only did the United States publicly pronounce India as the aggressor in the war, but the US sent the nuclear aircraft carrier, USS Enterprise, to the Bay of Bengal, and authorized the transfer of US military supplies to Pakistan, despite the apparent illegality of doing so," according to the non-profit.,Moscow's help came in handy at the time: in August 1971, India and the USSR concluded the Indo-Soviet Treaty of Peace, Friendship and Cooperation that specified mutual strategic cooperation between the countries. The treaty sent a powerful signal to the US and its allies. Eventually, the conflict ended on December 16, 1971 with the military forces of West Pakistan that were in Bangladesh surrendering.,"The Indian war with Pakistan on the issue of the liberation of Bangladesh in 1971 was a very special moment of Soviet support since the US wanted to help its ally Pakistan," says Dr. Chenoy. "After this, the Treaty of Friendship signed between India and the USSR was very holistic and provided India with much technological and defense support. Since then the friendship has increased.",© Photo : Indian PM OfficeModi Putin MeetModi Putin Meet© Photo : Indian PM Office,India's Strategic Autonomy,The historic Indo-Soviet Treaty of Peace, Friendship and Cooperation was renewed for another 20 years on August 8, 1991. After the collapse of the USSR, Moscow and New Delhi replaced the accords with the 20-year Treaty of Indo-Russian Friendship and Cooperation in January 1993.,Although the dissolution of the USSR resulted in a temporary chill in Russo-Indian economic and trade relations, they were soon reshuffled and are continuing to develop regardless of sanctions imposed by the West, according to Dr. Chenoy.,Since the declaration of independence back in 1947, India has managed to achieve significant strategic autonomy. The country has been maintaining ties with various global powers in accordance with its own strategic plans.,Thus, in June 2022, Indian Foreign Minister Subrahmanyam Jaishankar made it clear at the GlobeSec 2022 Bratislava Forum that India would not copycat the West's anti-Russia policies in the wake of Moscow's special operation to demilitarize and de-Nazify Ukraine. He stressed that “the world cannot be that Euro-centric as it used to be in the past,” adding that India, which is one-fifth of the world’s population and the fifth-largest economy will be guided by its national interests in the first place.。【韩国公调处开始对尹锡悦的调查】韩国公调处表示，从当地时间1月15日11时开始对尹锡悦的调查。【韩国总统秘书室长：尹锡悦决定接受逮捕】当地时间1月15日，韩国总统秘书室长郑镇硕表示，尹锡悦决定接受逮捕，将在下午召开紧急首席会议。【尹锡悦抵达公调处】当地时间15日，尹锡悦抵达韩国高级公职人员犯罪调查处（公调处）。抵达公调处前，尹锡悦发表对民众讲话。尹锡悦表示，不认可公调处调查，出席公调处的调查是为了防止流血事件的发生。尹锡悦说，强制执行无效的逮捕令，令人感叹。

B | 【尹锡悦发表对民众讲话：不认可公调处调查】当地时间1月15日，尹锡悦发表对民众讲话。尹锡悦表示，不认可公调处调查，（出席公调处的调查）是为了防止流血事件的发生。【尹锡悦15日上午被捕】总台记者获悉，韩国公调处称，当地时间15日10时33分，尹锡悦被捕。这是韩国史上首次对现任总统执行逮捕令。

C | 【数台韩国总统警卫处车辆驶出总统官邸尹锡悦或在车队内】当地时间1月15日，数台韩国总统警卫处车辆驶出总统官邸。

D | 韩国媒体推测，以车队的规模和构成来看，尹锡悦或在车队内的车辆中。【律师称尹锡悦决定出席公调处调查并将向民众做出说明】当地时间1月15日，尹锡悦律师石东炫在社交媒体发文称，尹锡悦不得已做出了在今天出席韩国高级公职人员犯罪调查处（公调处）调查的决定。视频加载中...△总台记者直击丨抓捕尹锡悦行动仍在持续双方正就执行逮捕令细节进行沟通石东炫称，从当日凌晨开始，公调处和警方为了执行逮捕令，大量涌入总统官邸内部，在官邸外传出有市民受伤的消息，警卫处职员们为了坚决阻止逮捕令，一旦与警方发生武力冲突，必将会有严重意外情况发生。因此，作为总统，尹锡悦在明知公调处此次执行逮捕令是非法的情况下，也不得不做出出席调查的决定。石东炫称，公调处和警方先撤离总统官邸，在做好警卫准备后，尹锡悦将会立即出发前往公调处，预计今天上午将到达公调处。石东炫还说，尹锡悦将在前往公调处时向国民做出说明。【韩国执政党国民力量党议员再次向总统官邸入口处集结】当地时间1月15日，韩国执政党国民力量党议员再次向总统官邸入口处集结。【韩国公调处：检察官已进入总统官邸内部正与尹锡悦方协调执行逮捕令】△韩国高级公职人员犯罪调查处（资料图）当地时间1月15日，韩国高级公职人员犯罪调查处（公调处）举行记者会表示，正在与尹锡悦方面协调执行逮捕令。公调处介绍，与第一次执行逮捕令时的情况不同，当天执行逮捕令没有阻止执行逮捕令的人员和警卫处职员，也没有发生武力冲突。目前，包括部长检察官在内的检察官们已经进入总统官邸内部，正在就执行逮捕令问题进行协调。截至记者会时，还未得出协商结果。但公调处的目标是执行逮捕令，不考虑尹锡悦主动出席调查的选项。对于尹锡悦的调查计划，公调处介绍说，将在影像录制调查室内展开调查，包括检察官在内的调查官们将参与调查。

E | 为尹锡悦准备的调查问题有200余页。公调处称，尹锡悦逮捕令执行成功后，将立即前往公调处办公室展开调查。

F | 当天，韩国总统警卫处先遣队前往公调处，安排警卫工作。

G | 尹锡悦律师团顾问石东炫当天早些时候说，为避免发生冲突，正与公调处方面就尹锡悦自愿到案接受调查进行协商。另据YTN电视台报道，尹锡悦将主动走出官邸。【韩国总统警卫处次长金成勋被捕】据总台记者当地时间1月15日消息，韩国总统警卫处次长金成勋被捕。【尹锡悦将接受调查主动走出官邸前往果川公调处】视频加载中...△尹锡悦的部分支持者试图堵住总统官邸外部道路据总台记者现场消息，韩国被停职总统尹锡悦将接受逮捕令前往果川公调处。另据YTN电视台15日报道，尹锡悦将主动走出官邸。尹锡悦律师石东炫称，尹锡悦正在与公调处协商，主动出席公调处调查。公调处先遣车辆已离开总统官邸驶往位于京畿道果川的公调处办公室。当天，国民力量党议员再次集结在总统官邸前，尹锡悦的部分支持者试图堵住总统官邸外部道路。【韩国总统警卫处未派出人员阻拦调查人员进入总统官邸内院】在韩国警方和公调处当地时间15日第二次执行尹锡悦的逮捕令时，总统警卫处没有派出人员阻止执行逮捕令的人员进入官邸内院。总统警卫处用大巴车设置了两道拦阻线封锁了通向官邸建筑的道路，但没有派出人员阻止警方和公调处人员进入总统官邸院内。

H | 视频加载中...据多名总统警卫处相关人士透露，多数总统警卫处中层干部和普通警卫人员的立场是不能阻止执行逮捕令，韩国警方15日在进入官邸前已经发布了对总统警卫处次长金成勋和警卫本部长李光宇的逮捕令。【韩国警方及公调处人员进入总统官邸内院面对最后一道拦阻线】视频加载中...当地时间1月15日，韩国警方及公调处人员进入总统官邸内院，遇到由大巴车组成的第三道拦阻线。【韩国警方抵达总统官邸内院大门院内仍有拦阻线】当地时间1月15日，韩国警方及公调处人员抵达总统官邸内院。据了解，目前官邸内院里还存有拦阻线。

I | 【绕过第二道拦阻线韩国警方继续向总统官邸建筑前进】视频加载中...△总台记者连线丨韩国调查机关再次尝试抓捕尹锡悦当地时间1月15日，韩国警方及公调处人员抵达总统官邸内第二道拦阻线。第二道拦阻线是由大巴车等组成的“车墙”，拦住了通往总统官邸建筑的道路及旁边的山路。随后，警方及公调处人员绕过了大巴车构成的第二道拦阻线，继续向总统官邸建筑前进。【韩国警方进入总统官邸内部越过第一道拦阻线】视频加载中...当地时间1月15日，韩国警方进入总统官邸内部，警方及公调处人员越过总统官邸内的第一道拦阻线。总统官邸布置的铁丝网正在被拆除。【韩国代总统：如发生不幸事件将追责】韩国代总统崔相穆表示，如果发生不幸事件，将追究责任。【尹锡悦律师团：逮捕令和搜查令均违法】尹锡悦律师团称，逮捕令和搜查令都是违法的，因为逮捕令排除了《刑事诉讼法》第110条、111条，因此执行逮捕令和搜查令是不当公务执行。

J | 公调处方面则强调，这是合法的逮捕令执行行动。

K | 警方也反复播放警告广播称，“如果妨碍拘捕令执行，有可能以涉嫌妨碍公务执行现行犯被逮捕”，试图冲开“人墙”进入总统官邸。【逮捕令有效期至本月21日搜查范围包括尹锡悦私人住宅】当地时间15日凌晨5时10分左右，警方和公调处人员抵达总统官邸入口，并向在那里组成“人墙”的尹锡悦律师团和国民力量党国会议员出示了逮捕令和搜查令。

L | 逮捕令上写明，有效期截至本月21日；搜查令上则写着，搜查范围包括尹锡悦的私人住宅以及总统的“安全住宅”。【韩国警方及公调处派千余人抓捕尹锡悦】当地时间1月15日清晨，韩国警方及高级公职人员犯罪调查处（公调处）派出千余人前往总统官邸，第二次执行尹锡悦逮捕令。尹锡悦律师团及韩国执政党国民力量党国会议员在总统官邸前组成“人墙”阻止警方及调查人员进入官邸，双方发生肢体冲突，并有人受伤。救护车和急救人员抵达现场，对受伤人员进行了现场处置。